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SS-31, also known as Elamipretide, is a mitochondria-targeting peptide developed to address mitochondrial dysfunction. It can penetrate cell membranes and specifically target the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its chemical structure allows it to interact with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that plays a crucial role in maintaining proper mitochondrial function. This peptide has demonstrated significant potential in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhancing ATP generation, and attenuating mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in test subjects.